FOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS
·
What is
management?
Management
is an knowledge and action about coordinating and overseeing the work
activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and
effectively.
·
What is an
organization?
Organization
has three characteristics, these are:
1.
A distinctive purpose
2.
Composed of people
3.
A deliberate strucuture
Many of today’s organizations are more open, flexible, and responsive
to changes than organizations once were.
·
Why managers
are important to organizations?
There
are three reasons why managers are important to organizations:
1.
Organizations need the managerial
skills and abilities in uncertain, complex, and chaotic times.
2.
Managers are critical to getting
things done in organizations.
3.
Managers contribute employee
productivity and loyalty; the way employees are managed can affect the
organization’s financial performance; and managerial ability has been shown to
be important in creating organizational value.
·
Who are
managers?
Someone
who coordinate and oversee the work of other people so that organizational
goals can be accomplished and also someone who reported by employees.
·
Where is
managers workplace?
Managers
work in organization, which is a deliberate arrangement of people to complish
some specific purpose. In organizational structure, managers can be first-line,
middle, or top.
·
Describe the
functions of management!
There
are four functions of management:
1.
Planning
Managers must defining
goals, establishing strategies, and developing plans.
2.
Organizing
Managers must arranging and
structuring work.
3.
Leading
Managers must working with
and through people.
4.
Controlling
Managers must monitoring,
comparing, and correcting work performance.
·
Describe the
roles of managers!
There
are three roles of managers:
1.
Interpersonal
Which involve people and
other ceremonial/ symbolic duties (figurehead, leader, and liaison).
2.
Informational
Which involve collecting,
receiving, and disseminatinginformation (monitor, disseminator, and
spokesperson)
3.
Decisional
Which involves making
choices (entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resources allocator, and
negotiator)
·
Describe the
skills of managers!
There are three skills of managers:
1.
Technical skill
Technical skill means
managers have job-specific knowledge and techniques. This skill is very
important for first-line managers.
2.
Human skill
Human skill means managers
have an ability to work well with people. This skill is very important for all
managers’ structure.
3.
Conceptual skill
Conceptual skill menas managers
have an ability to think and express ideas. This skill is very important for
top managers.
·
What are the
factors that are reshaping and redefining the manager’s job?
Global
economic and politicial uncertainties, changing workplaces, ethical issues,
security threats, and changing technology are the factors that can impacting
managers’ job. Managers must be concerned with customer service because
employee attitudes and behavior play a big role in customer satisfaction.
Managers must alse be concerned with innovation because it is important for
organizations to be competitive. Managers must be concerned with sustainability
as business goals are developed.
·
What is the
different of efficient and effective?
Efficiency
means doing things right (melakukan sesuatu secara benar); effectiveness means
doing the right things (melakukan pekerjaan yang benar).
Bonus Chapter |
Management History
·
What is
scientific management?
An
approach that involves using the scientific method to determine the ‘one best
way’ for a job to be done.
·
What is
quantitative approach and why it is so important to management?
The
quantitative approach involves applications of statistics, optimization models,
information models, adn computer simulations to management activities.
·
What is general
administrative theory?
An approach to management that focuses on describing what managers do
and what constitutes good management practice.
·
What is
behavioral approach?
An
approach that identify behaviors that differentiate effective leaders from ineffective
leaders.
·
What is
contemporary approach?
Contemporary
approach include two theory, these are:
1.
Systems Approach
System is a set of interrelated and
interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole. Open systems are influenced by and do
interract with their environment. Close
systems are not influenced by and do not interract wit their environment.
2.
The Contingency Approach
A management approach which says that organizations
are different, face different situations (contingencies), and require different
ways of managing.
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Categories:
Manajemen
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